Annotated Bibliography On The Security Of The Age Of...

1. Introduction Security in the age of internet has become a tremendously important issue to provide comfort not only for paranoid people but for many others who are naà ¯ve to believe that protection in digital era is essential to communication between millions of people that increasingly used as a tool for commerce. There are many aspects to security and applications, from secure commerce and payment to private communications and protecting passwords. Cryptography, is the practice and study in securing communication between parties in the presence of potential adversaries (Yousuf, N.D.). This report focuses on modern methods of cryptography its operation, strengths and weaknesses, its application techniques in computing and some other aspects where cryptography deemed essential as discussed in this report. Moreover, it is important to note that while cryptography is necessary for secure communications, this report is not by itself sufficient. The reader is advice then, that the topics covered in this paper only describe the first of the many steps necessary for better security in a number of situations. Cryptography The practice and study in securing communication between parties in presence of potential adversaries. A cryptographic algorithm or cipher is a mathematical function used in a plaintext in the encryption and decryption process. A cryptographic algorithm works in combination with a key (number, word, or phrase) to encrypt the plaintext. The same plaintext alsoShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On The Security Of The Age Of Internet Essay3689 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Security in the age of internet has become a tremendously important issue to provide comfort not only for paranoid people but for many others who are naà ¯ve to believe that protection in digital era is essential to communication between millions of people that increasingly used as a tool for commerce. There are many aspects to security and applications, from secure commerce and payment to private communications and protecting passwords. Cryptography, is the practice and study in securingRead MoreUses and Abuses of Biochip Technology1704 Words   |  7 Pagesthe speed of access to information, which we have at our disposal. Through the advances of technology, the venues in which we have to communicate are almost unlimited. All ranges and ages of individuals can be found using cell phones, ATMs, computers and TVs. We have grown to rely on the microwave, the Internet, E-Z Pass, just as we did the automobile. Satellite images, Global Positioning Systems, wireless networks, and i-pods are just some of the features in our society, today. More sophisticatedRead MoreBig Data Is An Emerging Term1674 Words   |  7 Pages(Moorthy, et. al., 2015). The deï ¬ nition of big data is a matter of debate, however, a typical reference is to the collection, management, and analysis of massive amounts of data (McNeely Hahm, 2014).According to George et. al. (2014), big data include Internet clicks, mobile transactions, user-generated content, and social media and content from sensor networks or business transactions, such as sales queries and purchase transactions. These procedures are significant to our life and society. Due to high-volume(hugeRead MoreCo-Sleeping1392 Words   |  6 Pagesstabilize the child’s physiology. Annotated Bibliography: Source #1 Goldberg, W. A., amp; Keller, M. A. (2007). Co-sleeping during infancy and early childhood: key findings and future directions. Infant amp; Child Development, 16(4), 457-469. doi:10.1002/icd.522 This article describes the benefits of co-sleeping by pointing out that night waking’s declined in frequency and duration. It also points out that most children who co-sleep do not need a security object to go to sleep. AnotherRead More Networking Report Essay6037 Words   |  25 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;THE INTERNET 17.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;NETWORK SECURITY 18.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;WORKSTATION HARDWARE 19.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;BUS TOPOLOGY 20.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;STAR TOPOLOGY 21.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;RING TOPOLOGY 22.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TREE TOPOLOGY 23.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FIREWALLS 24.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) 25.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ACCOUNT SECURITY 26.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;CONCLUSIONRead MoreHow Did Ww2 Affect American Society?2554 Words   |  11 Pagesimportance of war effort. A fictional character, ‘Rosie the Riveter’, was created and was seen to be the symbol of feminism and economic power. Overall, she represented woman working in factories during World War II. Depending on multiple factors such as age and class etc. women responded to the call to work in a number of ways. Lower class women were traditionally used to the working environment and moved up to higher paid factory jobs. Those with younger children were encouraged to stay at home althoughRead MoreEssay Elemica7043 Words   |  29 Pagesunderstand the behaviors of its clients. Due to the changes in the facilitating infrastructure (outsourcing and cloud computing) and additional services such as mobile computing, Elemica will also need to take precautions against new business and security risks associated with EC and B2B. A detailed project plan, implementation plan and financial plan are required to outline the mission. If all the aforementioned factors in this report taken into consideration, the endeavor into new areas willRead MoreIs Technology Really Making Life Easier?5158 Words   |  21 Pagestook the stance that advancement in technology has led to major sociological issues that are currently being felt and will be felt for generations to come. I highlighted the creation of such devices and services such as cell phones, computers, the internet, and social media. My research has only shown more support to what I had believed prior to starting this process. My conclusion based off the information to follow is that technology may have made our lives more convenient, however it has not madeRead MoreWe the People- Examination of the Relationship between the Government and Governed 1996 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"inalienable† rights that were never considered sacrificial before. Intrusion on these rights is changing perception of our law officials overall. These intrusions are associated with criteria presented in the Patriot Act, the actions of the National Security Agency (NSA), and our law enforcement’s ability to lawfully search and seizure through the Supreme Court’s ruling in pivotal court cases like Terry v. Ohio (392 U.S. 1) (Samaha, 2006). With the combination of many other controversies like the gunsRead MoreBanking Industry Financial Analysis Ppt8348 Words   |  34 PagesContribution To The Industry 54 * Contribution To The Society 55 Research Methodology 56-59 Limitations 59 Data Presentation 60-71 Findings and Suggestions 72 Conclusion 73 Bibliography 74 Annexure (Questionnaire) 75-78 DECLARATION I Ankita Srivastava the student of Dayanand Academy of Management Studies, Kanpur studying in MBA hereby declare that the work done by me in project titled â€Å"AN ANALYSIS ON

Why Marijuana Should Be Legalised Essay - 823 Words

Why Marijuana Should Be Legalised There is no denying that the drug problem in our country today has reached epidemic proportions. The problem has gotten so out of hand that many options are being considered to control and/or solve it. Ending the drug war may not seem to be the best answer at first, but the so-called war on drugs has actually accomplished very little. Different options need to be considered. Legalization is an option that hasnt gotten much of a chance, but should be given one. It is my position that marijuana should be legalized. Although many people feel that the legalization of marijuana would result in an increase in the amount of crime and drug abuse, I contend that†¦show more content†¦The legalization of marijuana would be a boom to the economy. During prohibition, alcohol was still sold and used, but people were doing it illegally. The 21st amendment repealed prohibition, and alcohol taxes were increased. The same thing should happen with pot. Marijuana could be heavily taxed to increase our countrys revenue. Moreover, major companies operating under strict government regulations would legally produce marijuana, resulting in a higher quality product free of poisons and other adulterants. Making marijuana legal would greatly reduce the vast amount of money spent on drug law enforcement every year. Drug dealers and users seem to constantly be one step ahead of the authorities, anyway. If one drug lord is caught, for instance, another one turns up somewhere else to take his place. We cannot win. For example: In 1990, well over 10 billion dollars was spent on drug enforcement alone. Drugs accounted for more than 40 percent of all felony indictments in our nations courts in 1992. This figure is quadruple what it was in 1985. Forty percent of the people in federal prison are drug law violators. One can only imagine what this figure would be like today. Too much money is wasted on a cause that there seems to be no end to.† In 1989, a Republican county executive of Mercer County, NJ estimated that it wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Medicinal Marijuana1382 Words   |  6 Pagesmedicinal marijuana is a very controversial topic within Australia. Recently, Victoria took the first steps to legalise medicinal marijuana, referenced in Victorian Government s Access to Medicinal Cannabis Bill 2015 (12th April 2016) and passed by the Victorian Parliament. This is the beginning of â€Å"the process of enabling patients to access medicinal cannabis.† In spite of this forward move, the debate still rages. There are valid and significant stances about whether marijuana should be legalisedRead More Argument for the Legalization of Marijuana Essays1018 Words   |  5 Pages Argument for the Legalization of Marijuana Is cannabis a danger to the public? – I think not. Should cannabis be legalised? I think so. If you agree with me then read this article. If you don’t, then read it anyway. It might teach you a thing, or two, about reality. Cannabis, weed, grass, hemp, shit, ganga, bhang, marijuana; they are all the same: completely harmless, and completely misunderstood. 260 million people worldwide use it for its potential advantages. Those who don’t useRead Moreliterature review- should marijuana be legalised?1457 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Literature review The legalisation of marijuana has long been a debated subject, and not only in Australia But all around the world. People’s views in this area vary greatly, with many reasonable arguments for and against the issue. In this report, past studies and literature will be reviewed providing an understanding into the possible consequences of legalising marijuana as well as the views and debates regarded to the issue. The organisation, Gallup has been examining America’s attitudeRead MoreMarijuana, dope, weed, kush, blunt, bud, dank, pot, green, grass, the list goes on. Yet what is900 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana, dope, weed, kush, blunt, bud, dank, pot, green, grass, the list goes on. Yet what is marijuana. For years it has been seen as harmful, addicting, life destroying, and carries connotations of illegality and destruction towards society, yet there are no real facts that it is harmful. Im not implying that we should all get high all day, but that it should be controlled and monitored. To truly understand the topic, we must first understand the logistics of marijuana itself. PharmaceuticallyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1219 Words   |  5 PagesShould Marijuana be legalized in the UK? Marijuana can be viewed in two ways: an addictive illegal high or a medical treatment drug. Marijuana first and foremost is an illegal drug, and can land you up to 7 years in prison just for possession or up to 14 years in prison for the supplying and production of the drug. However, marijuana is not all bad. It can be used for medical purposes (shown in certain states of the USA). Many people are unaware of this, so this leads us to the question: Marijuana;Read MoreMarijuan An Addictive Illegal High Or A Medical Treatment1212 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana can be viewed in two ways: an addictive illegal high or a medical treatment drug. Marijuana first and foremost is an illegal drug, and can land you up to 7 years in prison just for possession or up to 14 years in prison for the supplying and production of the drug. However, marijuana is not all bad. It can be used for medical purposes (shown in certain states of the USA). Many people are unaware of this, so this leads us to the q uestion: Marijuana; legislation or a continued ban? MarijuanaRead MoreShould Cannabis Be Legalised in the Uk?1141 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Cannabis should be legalised.† To a large extent I agree with this statement; cannabis should be legalised. I do feel, that legalizing cannabis would help resolve many of our country’s problems and difficulties, for example street-crime or burglary indirectly related to drugs. However I also feel that it could cause other types of problems if people don’t understand the effects of it. To many people, they see cannabis as a dangerous and damaging drug, however the effects of cannabis are sometimesRead MoreShould Cannabis Be Legalised ? Essay2087 Words   |  9 PagesShould Cannabis be legalised? Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 2 Effects†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 2 Cannabis Origin†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 3 TCH†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 4 What the Law Says About Cannabis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 4 Is Cannabis Harmless?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....Page 5 Forms Of Cannabis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 5 Arguments for and against legalisation of the drug†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 6 Quotes For and Against.............................................Read MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1727 Words   |  7 PagesThe consumption of marijuana has long been outlawed around the world. A taboo in most countries, cannabis is now considered a dangerous drug that can lead to disastrous side effects on the human body. This misconception has led to prohibition on marijuana, thus penalizing its consumption and further spreading the misconceptions around the drug. The controversy here lies in the fact that most negative effects attributed to marijuana are sourced from misconceptions, which are in turn hurting the prospectRead MoreEffects Of The Criminalization Of Alcohol On America During The 1920s1555 Words   |  7 Pagesalcohol is legal, cannabis should be also. To do so I will compare the effects both substances have on the health of their users. I will then examine how much scientific evidence has been used when criminalizing marijuana and whether that evidence is st ill applicable today. Finally, I will analyze the effects of the criminalization of alcohol in America during the 1920s. I will use this case to show that the misguided prohibition of alcohol is comparable to the current marijuana laws. Though the situation

Comparison of Essays by James Baldwin and Eric Foner Free Essays

The Identity American English What makes you an individual and an American? The idea of what qualifies a person as an American is very vague. Eric Foner, in his article â€Å"Who is an American? † describes the idea of what qualifies a person as an American has changed over the years. There once was a time where the only people who were American citizen were white males that later became that all people living in the United States had the qualification of becoming a citizen. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Essays by James Baldwin and Eric Foner or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are several factors, including both underlying and overt, that affect idea who qualifies as a citizen. Overt factors such as if you are here legally or if you have your citizenship certificate to more underlying factors like what you look like or if you can speak English. James Baldwin in his essay â€Å"If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is† explains how the English he and his people speak is what qualifies them as individuals. Going on to say that, with out the language that they used to communicate with each other their survival would not have been possible. Both Eric Foner and James Baldwin talk about individuality and identity in their articles and arguing that the identity of a person is what gives the person their freedom and liberty. Eric Foner states: Americans’ debates about the bases of our national identity reflect a larger contradiction in the Western traditions itself. For if the West, as we are frequently reminded, created the idea of ‘liberty’ as a universal human right, [West] also invented the concept of ‘race’ and ascribed to it predictive powers about human behavior (Foner 141). Foner implies America, as a whole, is a diverse country; the thought of each of all American belonging to a single, included group, is somewhat illogical. All American have different need and wants, different goals and ambitions, and can’t all enjoy the same â€Å"liberty† because of their â€Å"race†. Baldwin agrees with that saying, â€Å"The brutal truth is that the bulk of the white people in America never had any interest in educating black people, except as this could serve white purposes. Baldwin 3)† Baldwin gives a specific example of how a race oppressed another race and how the race alone was a factor of why there wasn’t equality in the freedom received by the people. The identity that Baldwin shows here is of a young black child who has lived to tough times in life. The only way he will be able to obtain the same freedom as a white child is through the education, that the black child can only receive from white adults, who only want to us e the black child for their own benefit. Even with the freedom the child was promised through the education he would still be a slave to someone or something else. Foner and Baldwin also agree on the fact that African American always excluded from the citizens of the eras. Foner stating, â€Å"Slavery helped to shape the identity, the sense of self, of all Americans, giving nationhood†¦ a powerful exclusionary dimension† (Foner 142). Slaves never had the same treatments as the owners. They were always the left out party who didn’t get the same â€Å"liberty, equality, and democracy† which are the main ideologies that a person needs to be an American (142). If all you need to be an American and enjoy the same liberty and freedom as all other people was to believe in liberty, equality, and democracy â€Å"†¦slavery could never have lasted as long as it did† (Baldwin 2). The fact that slavery lasted as long as it did show that the freedom one person get is not the same amount as someone else. Foner and Baldwin do not specifically talk about the rights of people and how unfairly they are shared in their article, but both do have an underlying implication of the rights of people. Baldwin, for the majority of his article, talks about the way language is spoken by the Blacks and then in the end states that an uneducated country with so many impurities cannot teach anything to its people. Foner, unlike Baldwin, talks about identity and correlates it with the idea of freedom and equality. In his conclusion stating the just like our identities are changing our belief of freedom and equality will always change. For Baldwin language had the connotation of freedom and equality while Foner used identity to connote the same thing. Both articles were written in the late 1900s, and the political and social struggle mentioned in both the articles still exists; the changed asked by both authors still needs to be implanted. Baldwin, James. â€Å"If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is? † Readings for Analytical Writing. Third ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. Foner, Eric. â€Å"Who Is an American? † Readings for Analytical Writing. Third ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. How to cite Comparison of Essays by James Baldwin and Eric Foner, Essay examples

Al Ain Dairy in United Arab Emirates Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Al Ain Dairy in United Arab Emirates. Answer: Introduction Al Ain Dairy is the largest dairy in United Arab Emirates (UAE). It was established in 1981. The dairy is the first to launch camel milk ice cream. Milk powder products are also available by the diary in market. The camelait premium ice cream and camelait milk powder were launched in 2015 and are available in stores across UAE. Fresh, flavoured camel milk and camel milk laban are already sold by Al Ain under a brand named Camelait in UAE. The main market for dairy is White Gulf Cooperation Council (WGCC) for marketing camel milk products. The demand for camel milk is increasing due to low in fat, high in calcium and rich source of protein. It is the mission of company to make available local products to customers around the globe. The dairy uses spray drying technology and it is the only company in UAE to use this technology in manufacturing (Wilson, 2017). Spray drying used to produce dry powder from liquid. In this technology liquid is dried with hot gas. In this report porters fiv e forces is prepared and applied in Al Ain. Porters five forces The dairy industry in UAE is unique and profitable. The industry is continuously expected to grow and experience growth in future. With the increasing health awareness and standard of living, the demand for healthy food is continuously rising. The dairy products have been segmented into milk, laban, yogurt, curd and ice cream. Porters five force analysis is an important tool for marketing. It helps to identify and measure Al Ains strength and position in the particular business atmosphere (Taleb, 2015). Such framework provides better understanding of Al Ain to its management. The Porters five force analysis is mainly concerned with five important components and face issues and impending changes in environment. Power of buyers The buyers like to collect information before delivery of products. There is a communication network in Al Ain which helps to communicate with customers. The dairy prefers fixed pricing method to avoid any chance of bargaining from customers. The bargaining power of customers is low in case of Al Ain dairy farm. The customers do not have many choices due to the monopoly in market. The demand of products is increasing frequently. The purchases also cannot be postponed. The bargaining power of customers has always been important factor in the performance of company. There is less chance of switching due to high brand image through differentiation and uniqueness of products. The buyers do not have bargaining power. The power of buyers is high when they buy large volume of products and are sensitive to lower prices. It is important for the company understand power of customer and their needs so that company can make efforts to satisfy them (Berry, 2016). Power of suppliers Al Ain is known for strong relations with suppliers. The supplier power of Al Ain is high because Al Ain uses same products from same suppliers. For instance, the dairy provides the same camelait ice cream everywhere. The service provided by suppliers is quite satisfactory. The dairy do not import milk or substitutes from foreign countries. It gives benefit as discount can be given by domestic suppliers. Good quality of milk and ice cream and delivery on time helps dairy in winning trust of customers (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). The suppliers do not do business with just one company; they supply products to other firms too. There can be some important customer to suppliers in comparison to less important companies. The suppliers always have less bargaining power to them. Al Ain focuses on strong relations with suppliers to make quality stronger. It also provides guidance to suppliers to work more competently to decrease terminated expenses. Threat of substitute products The threat of substitute products is medium because products of most diaries are unique and there is not much competition. There is threat of substitute products because a person can get what is wanted by them in an easier way. If Al Ain produces fresh milk and it does not last long and costs more and the other company producing milk which is cheaper and can be consumed for more days, then people will like to buy milk of other company. It is because Al Ains milk would not last long. If Al Ain produces powder milk at lower prices than customers would go for powder milk. Substitute of products can change opinion of customers and it can be threat for the market share of firm (Nagy, 2016). Al Ain is the first dairy to produce camel milk ice cream and the company is continued to bring innovative products to the market. The camel milk is pasteurized to produce ice cream and makes available in six generous flavors such as saffron, cardamom, date, chocolate, lite raspberry vanilla and chocolate. The uniqueness of Al Ains ice cream is that it uses 100% fresh camel milk (Abusheliabi, et. al. 2017). It does not add neutralizers, preservatives and other substances. This uniqueness of dairy has less risk of substitute products. Threat of new entrants The threat of new entrants for Al Ain dairy is low as it is already established. There are various kinds of dairies already in the industry of UAE. There is threat to enter at this point because it can cause conflict for the new entrants because the customers are loyal for Al Ain dairy and there will be no economy of scale for new entrants. There will be low distribution channels and high existing power and government regulations. Al Ain is an established and strong brand and it is difficult to enter in market because the new entrants face price competition and takes enough time to establish in the dairy industry (Frsard Valta, 2016). It is always threat for the company when there are limited resources in industry. It results in monopolies and becomes difficult for new entrants to enter into industry. Although Al Ain has established a strong brand image in the market but there are lot of companies who are already in the industry and achieved a place even though they could not cross Al Ain in terms of market share. There are number of companies attempt to enter market and endeavour for market share but very few can survive (Greenspan, 2015). Intensity of rivalry There is competitive market structure of dairies so there are high rivalry and many competitors like Marmum Dairy Farm, Gulf and Safa Dairies and more. Al Ain is pioneer in the dairy industry of UAE and has made substantial development in dairy production technology. It includes high speed packing machines and bacteria testing equipment. The dairy is beyond competition in the market, it exports to international market. It also aims to make country self-sufficient regarding dairy products. Al Ain has competitive advantage that the company is in the dairy industry for longer time then its competitors. The market of UAE is very competitive but still there is room for growth. The diary can dominate market by introducing its brand in other GCC countries in near future (Raziq, 2015). It was the first diary which was established in UAE and currently it comprises 36% market share. Its specification of providing 40 high quality milk, juices and milk products keeps the company away from its competitors. It assures the quality and safety standards. The company has competitive advantage as the demand for nutritious products is continuously rising in European and North America markets (Dobbs, 2014). References Abusheliabi, A., Al?Rumaithi, H. O., Olaimat, A. N., Al?Nabulsi, A. A., Osaili, T., Shaker, R., Ayyash, M. M. (2017). Inhibitory effect of camel milk on Cronobacter sakazakii.Journal of Food Safety,37(4). Berry, D. M. (2016). 0916 Get in the driver's seat: Marketing milk and dairy products to today's and tomorrow's consumers.Journal of Animal Science,94(suppl_5), 441-442. Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), 32-45. Frsard, L., Valta, P. (2016). How does corporate investment respond to increased entry threat?.The Review of Corporate Finance Studies,5(1), 1-35. Greenspan, R. (2015). Walmart: Five forces analysis (Porters model).Panamore Institute. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Nagy, P. (2016). 0918 Camel milk from commodity to added value product. The science behind the development of the camel dairy industry.Journal of Animal Science,94(suppl_5), 442-442. Raziq, A. (2015). Opportunities and contests of modern camel dairying.Journal of Camelid Science,8, 33-36. Taleb, A. (2015, September). A Framework for Knowledge Sharing, Firm Innovation Capability and Competitive Advantage in the UAE. InEuropean Conference onKnowledge Management (p. 879). Academic Conferences International Limited. Wilson, R. T. (2017). Traditional milk processing and value?added dairy products in selected Arab countries.International Journal of Dairy Technology.

I Never Sang For My Father Essays - Incest In Fiction,

I Never Sang For My Father The father son relationship is very important. A growing boy needs a strong fatherly presence in order to become a man. The plays, I Never Sang for my Father, and The Owl Killer, and the short story Notes to a Native Son, show this. The lack of communication and basic affection from their fathers directly affected the sons mental health, including self-esteem. The father in I Never Sang For My Father, Tom, was very mentally and physically abusive. Many times during the story he acted very self-centered. He was once a politician and loved it very much. The relationship with his son, Gene, was not a good one. Due to Toms abuse early in life, he and Gene were never able to have a positive relationship. Gene also was never able to really stand up to his father. Probably due to a fear of him he had developed early in life. Even with this fear, Gene proved to be not be too damaged by his abusive childhood. I believe that his low self-etheme came from this upbringing. Still he had a kind of respect for his father because he had provided for his family. Though in this case the father son relationship was not good. The sons loving relationship with his mother helped take the place of the bad relationship with his father. Noah, the father in The Owl Killer, was much worst a father. His relationship with his son, Lamar, was so terrible that it led to strong psychological problems. He abused his son to the point that he developed a stutter when his father was present. Noah also mentally abused his son. He would keep treats from his children when he knew wanted them. He would call them names and show them no affection. These all led to Lamars breakdown. Lamar was very troubled from his terrible childhood. He started strange hobbies and isolated himself in his room, stuffing owls. He eventually killed and mutilated a man. I think that his last act of violence was to try to obtain some power he couldnt get from his father. He was also trying to hurt someone like his father hurt him. The relationship between Noah and Lamar was one based on hatred. This hatred led to Lamar finally shoving his fathers head into a furnace. The short story Note of a Native Son, was about the authors relationship with his father and the hatred that James Baldwins father and himself both possessed. James Baldwin never really knew his father intimately. He lived with him throughout his childhood, but they hadnt really spoken. His relationship with his father was almost non-existent. They didnt communicate. I think this left a void in his heart. He had not spoken to or even really appreciated someone whom was probably a great person. The relationship between a father and a son is very important. It can lead to a lot of different things, positive or negative. Still it depends on the person the son is. A bad relationship can cause a child to be a killer, a person with low self-esteem, or a world-renowned writer. English Essays

The eNotes Blog “Dont Look at Me in That Tone of Voice Ten Lesser-Known Women Writers Who KickButt

â€Å"Dont Look at Me in That Tone of Voice Ten Lesser-Known Women Writers Who KickButt Recently, Flavorwire published an article titled 10 Legendary Bad Girls of Literature.   They made some worthy choices: Sappho, Dorothy Parker, and Anais Nin among them. While these names are well-known, there are other notable women with less fame who also deserve some accolades. 1. Jeannette Winterson Winterson is not unknown, of course, but she ought to be better known. Her first novel, Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit won the prestigious Whitbread Prize in 1985. Subsequent novels, like   Lighthousekeeping,  continue Wintersons vein of intellectual, thought-provoking, fearless prose. 2. Kathy Acker From this image of the late writer (Acker died of breast cancer in 1997), it probably is not surprising to learn that Acker was a polarizing figure. Although she championed feminist issues, feminist critics did not universally embrace her work. While some praise her for exposing a misogynistic capitalist society that uses sexual domination as a key form of oppression, others argue that her extreme and frequent use of violent sexual imagery quickly becomes numbing and leads to the degrading objectification of women. Ackers most famous work is Blood and Guts in High School. 3.   Margery Kempe Margery Kempes The Book of Margery Kempe is remarkable in that the work is widely considered to be the first autobiography ever written in English: The narrative of Kempes book begins just after her marriage, and relates the experience of her difficult first pregnancy. While delivering this child, she became gravely ill and feared for her life. She called for a priest to hear her confession, as she had a secret sin that had been weighing on her conscience for some time. The priest began to censure her before she could divulge this sin in its entirety, and then left. Fearing eternal damnation, she fell into a delusional state, where she describes seeing devils around her, and was considered a danger to herself and others. She was chained in a storeroom for six months, until, as she describes, Jesus sat down at her bedside, and asked her, Daughter, why hast thou forsaken Me, and I forsook never thee? She relates, at first, intending to become Gods servant, but admits she could not leave her pride nor her pompous array. Kempe undertook two domestic businesses- a brewery and a grain mill- both common home-based businesses for mediev al women, both of which endured for a little while, then failed. 4.   Charlotte Perkins Gilman Gilmans name may cause some a glimmer of recognition. Her short story The Yellow Wallpaper, the tale of a woman who slowly goes insane, is typically included in most literature anthologies. However, she wrote many more novels and stories, most of which are now unknown. Gilmans novel, Herland, for example, is a delightful envisioning of an isolated all-female society whose members have learned to reproduce without the help of men. 5. Joan Slonczewski Slonczewski is a professor of microbiology at Kenyon College and a kick-ass science fiction writer to boot. Her novel A Door into Ocean  combines her knowledge of microbiology, ecofeminism, and non-violent revolution on a fictional, water-covered planet that has never known war. Or men. Until both are brought to their seas. Far from being a man-hating work, Slonczewskis novel seeks to find common ground and understanding. 7.   Sarah Vowell Vowell is probably best known for her insightful, witty commentaries on NPRs This American Life,  but she is also the author of many collections of essays, all with a historical bent. Each of her books makes you look at America in a different way. Check out, for example, Assassination Vacation where she uncovers the places were some of our lesser-known presidents have taken their last breaths. 8.   Mina Loy Loy was a writer and a bohemian, the last of the first generation of modernists to have her work posthumously recognized. She was perhaps most admired for her poetry, and such luminaries as T.S. Eliot, William Carlos Williams, and Gertrude Stein praised her work. 9.   Christine de Pisan In 1405, Pisan wrote The Book of the City of Ladies in response to Jean de Meuns The Romance of the Rose. Pisan found his work to be misogynistic and populated her ficitonal city with accomplished females from history to prove de Meun wrong as well as to call for equal rights for women, at least as far as education goes. 10.   Katherine Dunn Katherine Dunn is a playwright, a novelist, a journalist, and a poet. Her novel Geek Love was a finalist for the National Book Award in 1989.   Michael Abernathy, writing for Pop Matters summarizes the novel: Katherine Dunn’s 1983 novel is the first-person story of Olympia Binewski, an albino, bald dwarf with a hunchback. Olympia’s freakish nature is not an aberration of nature so much as a carefully planned deviation. Olympia, or Oly, is one of four freak children born to Al and â€Å"Crystal Lil† Binewski, who run a traveling circus and create their own sideshow freaks by feeding Crystal Lil poisons, pills, insecticides, and radioisotopes during her pregnancies. Those children who fail to survive the traumatic pregnancies are preserved in jars for public viewing; those who do survive are put to work in the circus. This foundation takes the novel into the realm of the surreal, but Dunn doesn’t seek to just startle or disgust viewers. She examines human nature and relationships from an alternative perspective, challenging perceptions of what love is and what is â€Å"normal†. Of course, any list will have omissions readers would like to have seen included; these are just my own personal selections. Are there authors you would like to have recognized? Let us know!

Week Two Assessing the Goal of Sports Products, Inc Essay

Week Two Assessing the Goal of Sports Products, Inc - Essay Example For any organization the main aim should be maximization of the shareholder’s wealth, not just profit maximization of the organization. The shareholders can benefit in two ways; either by receiving dividend or by the internal growth of the company. From last 20 years the company hasn’t paid any cash dividend, so they can only be benefited by rise in stock price. At present the company’s shock price is going down although the company is making a good profit. This clearly indicates that the main goal of company is to just maximize profit as much as possible, because this directly affects the pay of managers. But on the same time company is losing its reputation in market which is evidenced by the declining stock price. Hence the management of Sports Products Inc. should change their present goal of profit maximization and should pay more emphasis on the shareholders’ benefits which can be only achieved if the stock price increases. As a company receives all its resources from the society, hence they also have some responsibility toward the betterment of the society. They should take care that any of their activity should not degrade the environment. At present the stock prices are doing down even when the financial report indicates a continuous rise in profits. This clearly indicates that there is some problem in the management. At present the management is emphasizing merely on profit maximization. Basically there are two ways for profit maximization- either increase the revenue or decrease the expenditure. The company is following the second one. They are trying to reduce their expenditure at all possible ways. Even they overlook the pollution norms for reducing cost. They dump their waste products directly into the adjacent stream. This not only pollutes the surrounding environment but it lead to highly hazardous diseases by polluting

Opportunity Analysis Marketing for Pre-school Educational Toy In China Essay

Opportunity Analysis Marketing for Pre-school Educational Toy In China - Essay Example This essay stresses that in the case of marketing the proposed educational toy in China, the recommended strategy is to start with a flagship shop in a boom town like Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou and using the radiation effect of such a metropolis, to diffuse sales throughout the country. The flagship shop makes the concept and power of the European brand visible and attracts Chinese licensees through word of mouth. This paper makes a conclusion that the business plan proposes to first open a flagship store to attract licensees and thereafter move into franchising. This offers a cost effective way to enter the Chinese market, while also building brand identity and reputation. Rather than relying on expensive advertising, the flagship store will serve as the means of promotion, while the word of mouth among licensees will serve to effectively promote the product and establish brand identity. The financial risks posed through this approach are lower, because the franchising option would require Chinese partners to make some financial investments in order to gain a franchise and capitalize on the brand identity of the product, especially among the Chinese baby boomers. It would also provide them an incentive to work hard at promoting the product, in order to recover their investments and to make a profit. This approach also avoids the problems of using middlemen such as distributors and can provide a wider range of access into the local Chinese markets as well.

Public Policy Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public Policy Analysis - Essay Example This is one of the legislative ways the government of the USA came up with to control the market. In light of this, the paper will venture into the history of the act to try and establish its necessity. It will then create a prescription that will indicate who failed in operation for this law to be enacted. The impact of the law on business and society will be discussed followed by a review of literature as per the course content. The viability of the law will be discussed based on its strengths and weaknesses. History of the Policy and Current Situation The US financial market had witnessed a large series of frauds in the corporate sector in 2002. Some of the highly publicised scandals included some large companies like Enron Corporation, Tyco and WorldCom. Due to these market malpractices, there were serious consequences that saw Enron collapse in 2001 after filing for bankruptcy on December 1. According to Healy and Palepu (2003), the company was a power in the US energy sector ha ving been formed in the year 1985. This large success led the management to into venture production of other energy related products; natural gas, pulp, paper and communications sectors. A critical analysis of the operations of the company according to economic consultants indicated that the rise to stardom of the company was not genuine. Many accounting practices that were unethical had taken place which killed the trust of the public in the US large sector market (PriceWaterhouseCoopers 34). Together with scandals at other companies like WorldCom and Tyco International, the public truly believed that there are several accounting practices yet to be discovered. Due to these happenings where the greedy executives wanted to benefit from their positions in companies, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of 2002 was formed. It is also called Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002 and abbreviated as SOX act of 2002 (Healy and Palepu 15). The SOX bill was signed i nto law on July 30 2002 by the then president George Bush and had provisions creation of reforms in the accounting and corporate business world by use of a board which it mandated, the â€Å"Public Company Accounting Oversight Board." The current position of the act has been a creation of corporate responsibility and it has seen a drastic overhaul of the entire US financial operations where there is a high level responsibility in management. This is a step that has highly reduced bankruptcy among companies. Having not created such an act earlier on means that the government had failed to implement its duties as this act was created as a matter of contingency. Public Prescription and Implementation of the Act As an act that was created as a matter of contingency, the act took care of the matters that were happening at the time and remained to take care of future similar matters. It was an emergency measure that made sure that the confidence of the public in the large business sector was restored. The policy has eleven chapters and each seeks to create accountability to the management teams of the large

Environment Of Kamat Hotels

Environment Of Kamat Hotels Kamat hotels are a new chain of luxury business hotel in India promoted by KHIL (kamat hotel India ltd). Kamat hotel began as a single landmark namely VITS Mumbai, located near Mumbai international airport, but is now recognized all over the India as the symbol of true Indian hospitality. KHIL is a pan-India network of hotels that offers business and leisure travelers a hotel designed for the modern nomad. The hotel promises a whole new experience of tranquility and total wellness proposal. Called the jiva spa, it is a unique concept, based on a mixture of heritage, wisdom and the Indian philosophy of wellness and well being. All hotels built with similar infrastructure are four star hotels which consist of 200 rooms and aims to give prospective customers, a total experience of hospitality. Each hotel has a six banquet halls, a conference hall and fitness clubs complete with sauna and steam bath are open in the lobby area. KHIL is well known for being environmental friendly. It has won many awards like environmental champion, global ecotel, regional direct tourism award and pata (pacific Asia travel association awards), hotel and catering international management associations (HCIMA) best environmental policy 2000, India chapter environmental award for 2001 on the hotel excellence category. In 2009, VITS achieved excellent profitability based on the trend of rising demand for suitable accommodation in the city of Mumbai. Based on its early success, KHIL has expanded heavily in India, opening new branches in more states like Ahmadabad, Aurangabad, Baroda, Gujarat, Hubli, Kolhapur, Nagpur, Nasik, Pune, Sholapur, Surat and it is expected to add twenty more branches in the next five years. With the rapid expansion of Indian economy, budget and mid market hotel segments are fast expanding as more business people travel and look for short pleasant stays. The group also introduced tours and travels in 2010 and was engaged in marketing of destination and package tours. KHIL along with its flagship hotel, VITS are well positioned to meet the increase in travel activities and is set to benefit fully of this market expansion. The restaurants, known for their top quality food, attract high number of middle class families for breakfast, lunch and dinner. However limited capacity of its butchery and bakery cause delays in periods of high customer turnout and often leads to customer complaints KHIL group employees are gentle, skillful, and knowledgeable and are given certificates of honesty which keeps them motivated and loyal. But Management at VITS has been very poor at embracing Technology to help them in their daily task or for the benefit of their customers. There is no Wi-Fi installed on the premises, and internet connections are slow. Management have not upgraded their software but have stuck to their PMS i.e. (property management system) while their competitors are already using Opera or Fidelo, softwares which are faster in performance and standards. Using the stakeholder model, this paper will assess the strengths and weaknesses of VITS and then analyses its external environments using Porters 5 forces model and PESTEL. This will give us a proper indication of the hotels position and will conclude by coming up with workable proposals for VITS. 2.0 Analysis of the internal environment 2.1 Stakeholder model 2.1 Stakeholder An individual, group or business with a keen interest may be positive or negative in an organization success are known as stakeholder. They are concerned with an organization to deliver an intend result and also to meet its financial objectives generally stakeholders are of two types they are internal within the organization and external outside the organization. Stakeholders are shareholders, employee, suppliers, customer, financial institution, government and society. A stakeholder is usually stands to gain or lose depending on the decision taken or policies implemented. 2.1.1 Importance of stakeholder Stakeholders are very important persons who in fact control the organization and the success of the organization lies in their hands. The participation of stakeholders in an organization is from the beginning of the organization. Stakeholder analysis is a technique which is generally used by an organization to identify the importance of key people, groups of people or stakeholders which influence the success of an organization. It is an important process because if we find the needs and interest of stakeholder than it become easier for an organization to achieve its goals. This can be done by an individual or by a team. The analysis helps us to determine the influence and power that each stakeholder has. If we know the most powerful stakeholder than it is easy for an organization to gain support in order to gain success. We can implement stakeholder to an organization in three steps they are {1} identifying the stakeholders, {2} prioritizing the stakeholder and {3} understanding impo rtant stakeholder opinion and interest. 2.1.2 Shareholders KHIL hotels formally reports to their shareholders twice a year when it releases its results. This comes amidst great media and specialized press speculation as KHIL is known to be a star performer. Shareholders have over the past 5 years, constantly been rewarded with dividends to the tune of 21% per annum after tax every single year. They generally hold meetings with their shareholders and stakeholders to keep them informed about the progress of business and future plans for the group. 2.1.3 Employees KHIL hotels places great importance on communication about its business and performance to their employees. They follow a program of effective staff training to understand the purpose and goals of hotel management strategies and deliver on the organizations sustainability objectives. 2.1.4 Suppliers KHIL supports local suppliers and promotes responsible business practice. Given the strength of their bargaining power they can source produce at a very competitive price which helps them on profitability. Supporting local suppliers wherever they are also helps them to build good relations with the community whom they support. Suppliers are very supportive of KHIL and have been working with them ever since they started business. KHIL welcomes feedback from their suppliers which helps them to better understand how they are performing against their peers and they get a clearer picture of risk. 2.1.5 Customers KHIL has mastered guest relationship through constant interaction and feedback from them. They offer top quality service which is known and appreciated by customers. This is what has built the KHIL brand as they are known for the unique experience they offer customers. KHIL charges them a slightly premium price but which customers do not complain about as they feel pampered. Customer feedback lies at the center of their strategy. Customers recommend the hotel to their friends and word of mouth spreads. Feedback and adaptation to customer requirements have kept them ahead of competition and rising up to end increasing guest demands. They have mastered the art of proactively engaging with their guests to understand and anticipate their requirements. 2.1.6 Financial institution KHIL works and is supported by the biggest and the best financial institutions like the State Bank of India, Baroda Bank, ICICI, and private investment funds. Gathering funds for expansion and development is not a problem because of the support as KHIL has always lived up to expectations of financial institutions and has never defaulted. 2.1.7 Government KHIL relies on both central and local government provisions. Statutory and regulatory sanctions of authorities are required for approval of restaurant and bar licenses. As such it is in its best interest to stay within the legal provisions. Both central and local governments are very supportive of KHILs investments as it creates wealth, jobs and supports to local communities. KHIL is a major benefactor of governments incentive schemes and low interest investment funds and this helps to expansion. KHIL does not fail on taxes, levies, duties, company or municipal taxes. KHIL has provided for Rs 1, 63,17,4381/ for the current financial year for different taxes and no dues are pending. 2.1.8 Society KHIL, since the very beginning is a major supporter of social development. This is a reason why communities welcome its developments. The group supports sustainable livelihood as an underlying principle of their social initiatives. In order to improve the quality of life of villagers who live around the hotel KHIL helps them by providing solar lighting, health, hygiene and nutritional support for children and women, drinking water facilities and educational support. They provide hotel related artisan jobs for them like making candles, dusters, staff snacks and stationery. 3.0 Analysis of the specific external environment I will use Porters five forces to analyze KHILs specific external environment. 3.1 Barriers of entry Barriers of entry in the hotel industry are very high as lots of investment goes into initial infrastructure and getting initial customer support. Credit facilities to tour operators and other agents supplying customers result in cash flow issues which very often cannot be supported by new entrants as they rely heavily on loans. 3.2 Availability and substitutes The substitutes exist when the alternative product with lower price and better performance for the same product. Likewise the Kohinoor provides the spa at the low cost compared to KHIL which reduces the potential sales volumes of KHIL. There are a lot of price variation between KHIL and the Kohinoor hotel service, which leads customers to feel that KHIL is at times over priced. The Kohinoor have various rates and tariffs, a good brand image and the hotel chain currently operating different services like spa, boatels, resorts, city center and heritage hotels. 3.3 Bargaining power of suppliers The suppliers consist of all the sources of input that are needed to provide a goods and services. KHIL has good supplier support but is at a disadvantage against competition as it has a tendency of buying because of the long standing friendship they have with suppliers who supported them initially. Very often this plays against price and quality. Furthermore large quantity items are tendered and bought on price which often plays against quality. 3.4 Bargaining power of customers The hotel industry is a very competitive one and having invested in its fixed assets, hotels want to recoup their investment as quickly as possible. They are ready to offer discounts the whole year to attract and keep customers therefore reducing margins. Availability of substitutes such as the Kohinoor improves the bargaining power of customers and they can put even more pressure on margins and volumes. 3.5 Competitive rivalry KHIL has several good challengers like the Kohinoor, Continental and the Mirador who are competing in similar market with similar offerings. The Kohinoor has 200 rooms, excellent conference facilities, multi cuisine restaurants, bars, health clubs, and 24 hours coffee shop, doctor on call, is situated in the main business area of Mumbai and is close to the international airport. These facilities are similar to KHILs and reason why they are strong challengers. This has the overall effect of reducing both revenue and profitability. 4.0 Pestle analysis Pestle analysis is the useful tool to understand the clear picture of the environment in which the organization lies and to find the opportunities and threats that lies in the environment they can be express as the Political, economic, socio cultural, technological, environmental, and legal factors affect an organizations external environment which in turn affects an organization by offering it either opportunities to progress or threats to regress. it is also used as a generic orientation tool to find out about the organization or the product is in the context of what happening inside as well as outside of the organization. 4.1 Political environment One of the political environments for the organization was the times of India (it is a well known newspaper) by Rachna sigh, Jaipur in a bid to attract the international tourists is gearing up with a host of new properties across the different segments. Some of the industries like hotel and tourisms are the backbone of any competitive world. But government charges a huge tax from the hotels which are stars or are in the luxury category these organizations has an impact with the government or the political changes that occurs. If the government takes even a small steps if affect the hotel industries. Its getting huge incentives and the state governments are supporting them in their development. But now Indian hotels are planning to expand in the economic crunch time. The terror attack on the city (Mumbai) renowed hotels like the taj hotel and the oberios had brought into concerns and facing the hoteliers with a drop in foreign travelers to India i.e. the terror attack is one of the threat for hotel industries. 4.2 Legal factor In recent years, government has brought significant changes to the legal framework to facilitate investment and doing business. Several incentive schemes have been introduced to increase investments. Laws that directly impact on the hotel industry are the Hotel development incentive bill, tax holidays of up to 2 years to new investors in the hotel sector, fairer health and safety laws and less stringent employment laws that were acting as limitations to investment. This has led to a lot of development as investors have easy access to funds and are supported by incentives. These new business friendly frameworks have largely helped groups like KHIL to invest further and adopt expansion strategies. 4.3 Economical environment The India economy hardly suffered from the international financial crisis. This is because the Indian system rests on a controlled and sound financial system in the country. The economic environment includes GDP, interest rates, inflation and exchange rates, economic growth, taxation amongst others and it determines disposable income. While larger number of tourists will flock to India for its beauty, history and heritage, Mumbai the financial capital will keep bringing in business people from around the world therefore offering an incessant flow of customers to hotels like the KHIL group to prosper. 4.4 Social environment Changes in social trends also have an impact on the demand for a firms products and offer. Organizations have to respond by constantly adopting their products to new customer trends and demand. This is what KHIL has constantly been doing especially with its unique feedback system. Feedback from customers has also explains why KHIL has more single room than double rooms. 4.5 Technological environment Indian is one of the most advanced technological nations of the world and businesses are well aware of progress in the field of technology and its enduring impact on processes and the reduction of costs. KHIL has not taken technology on board though most major customized products are valuable. 4.6 Environmental factors The growing desire to protect the environment is having a great impact on many industries such as travel industries. Environment protection creates business opportunities and KHIL is well ahead of competitors in this field. To respect local legislation, all hotels of the group are built after an environmental impact assessment and this creates harmony with the community. 5.0 Swot analysis Swot analysis is the most important tool for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of business and its environment. Basically it is the foundation for evaluating the strength, weakness, probable/likely opportunity and threats from the external environment. It also views the positive as well as negative factors inside and outside of the organization which affect its success. So these are the four factors applying to the property to know about the property in details the strength, weakness, opportunities as well as the threats of the KHIL hotels. 5.1 Strengths Strength is the qualities which helps an organization to achieve its goals. Generally strength are beneficial aspects of the organization which includes human competence, process capabilities, financial resources, product and service, customer goodwill and brand loyalty. Strength of KHIL Competitively priced for value they offer Situated near the international airport and few kilometers away from the domestic airport Is a very convenient alternative for layover guests are those whose flights have been cancelled or delayed Has preferred partner status with airlines Affordable luxury venue for SMEs for their Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions Highly perceived as a environmental friendly hotel Recognized name for fine cuisine and value for money accommodation Loyal, honest and per formant employees Appeals to local middle class families looking for a night out 5.2 Weakness Weakness is a limitation, or the defect in an organization that will keep it away from achieving its goals. The weakness are of different kind like huge debt, high employee turnover, complex decision making process, narrow product range and large wastage of raw materials. Weakness oh KHIL Situated off the road it may see significant impact on FIT guests (free individual traveler) Fails to handle larger crowds and sister hotel Orchid is no substitute Business centre is to small and no WI-FI zone yet Trailing on technology on its processes and still using Whitney rack system Swimming pool located next to the restaurant plays against privacy 5.3 Opportunities An opportunity is a kind of favorable situation in a firm environment. It is usually a trend or an overlooked need that increase demand for a product or service and allows the organization to enhance its position. Opportunities for KHIL Upcoming cricket world cup jointly organized in India, Bangla Desh, Sri lanka will attract guests Event can be used to showcase of value offered to enhance reputation Bus service or the special cabs for the fans to the stadium in and around the world cup venues Targeting opening in new or developing business hubs like Bangalore 5.4 Threats It is an unfavorable situation which may occur in an organization environment and which may harm the business or its strategy. They are uncontrollable when the threat comes, the stability and survival can be stake. Threats for KHIL Security especially in the wake of terrorist attacks Competitor response from Kohinoor, Continental and Mirador 6.0 Conclusion As each and every organization has strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats the kamat hotel also have these factors but they can find out by doing the swot analysis to the organization to its internal and external factor so that one can obtain it and can control the system in a practical way. It can work according to its objectives by allowing an easy way to attain its profit growth. 7.0 Proposal The KHIL hotels should plan and perform their work to achieve their goals and the information and explanation that are considered are necessary to work on them that they need to improve a lot like increasing the rooms in the hotel because of its they are facing the problems when there is an event in India most of the foreigners visit to India because of lack of rooms its losing its business so if it works on it then it will achieve a great success. These are needed to upgrade to an improved integrated management system as it would help reduce the amount of paper work. It would also reduce the work of night auditor and reception staff as they would not have to verify every bill every time guests checkout.

Joseph Stalin Essay -- Stalin’s Rise to Power

Joseph Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953, when he died. He was responsible for one of the most notable and devastating genocides, the Great Purge. His vicious reign took the lives of around 20-60 million people by his rigid and cruel treatment. Through his exploitation of the lower class and his manipulative abuse of power, Stalin created one of the worst examples of leadership in history. It takes an interesting character to be able to execute the cruelties displayed in his regime and the traits that Stalin developed into his cult of personality were likely acquired as a child and adolescent. This paper will discuss how Stalin’s background helped build the qualities of a ruthless leader and how he displayed them at the time of his power. His destruction of the citizens’ rights and his failure to maintain his responsibilities as ruler will also be reflected upon throughout this writing. Stalin’s Childhood and Background Stalin was born December 18, 1878 in Gori Georgia. His mother was named Ketevan Geladze. His biological father is not accurately known, although, there are many theories as to whom his paternal father is. It could’ve been that Stalin is the descendant of a Gregorian prince or count. Another theory is that Stalin is the son of General Nikolai Przhevalsky who was one of the great scientific explorers of the 19th century. Stalin could have been the son of a Jewish wine merchant named Yaakov Egnatashvili. His mother did laundry in his household. This is one of the most likely theories due to the fact that he paid for Stalin’s seminary education and Stalin named his first son Yaakov in Egnatashvili’s honor. Stalin also could have been the son of a priest. It is even possible that his father... ...ctment of the phone call between Stalin and Krupskaya. Matthews, John R., 1937 – The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union / by John R. Matthews. P. cm.-(World History Series) This discussed the history of the Soviet Union, from the Revolution of 1917 through the Lenin and Stalin eras. "Joseph Stalin." Joseph Stalin. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2014 This web source detailed on Stalins ‘cult of personality’ and gave more input on his distortion of the media image. "The Art of Conservatism." : Marxism According to Stalin. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014 Showed how Stalin manipulated Marxism and revealed his interpretation of Marxist ideologies as compared to actual Marxist beliefs. "Marxism." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. Provided a definition of Marxism and a brief history of how it was adapted in Stalinist Russia.

Macbeth: Act 5 Summary Essay

Scene I A doctor and gentlewoman are at the castle watching Lady MacBeth because she has been sleeping walking. When Lady MacBeth enters the scene she washes her hands saying there is blood on them and refers to the murders: Duncan, Banquo, and Lady MacDuff. Once she leaves the doctor looks stunned at such behavior. Scene II A group of Scottish lords gather together to discuss the military situation. It is decided that the Scottish army will meet the English army led by Malcolm by Birnam Wood to join forces together. It is also reported that MacBeth has fortified Dunsinane Castle. Scene III MacBeth tells his attendants they have nothing to fear of the army approaching them because no one of woman born can harm him. MacBeth also refers to the second apparition and says he will reign until Birnam Wood is moved to Dunsinane. Next, MacBeth orders Seyton to retrieve his armor so he can do what he does best, fight on the battlefield. The doctor reports to MacBeth about Lady MacBeth’s condition. MacBeth demands that the doctor rid her of the disease and cure her. Scene IV While marching toward Dunsinane, Malcolm orders his soldiers to break a branch off of a tree in Birnam Wood hope to, â€Å"Thereby shall we shadow / The numbers of our host,† and make MacBeth’s spies, â€Å"Err in report of us,† (5.4.5-7). Scene V Seyton comes to tell MacBeth that the queen has died. Shocked by the abrupt end of his wife, MacBeth makes a compelling spiel. The messenger enters telling MacBeth that the forest of Birnam Wood is moving towards them, Dunsinane. MacBeth is overcame by disbelief and horror that the apparition’s prophecy may come true which said that he couldn’t die until Birnam Wood moved towards Dunsinane. Scene VI Malcolm orders his soldiers to throw down the branches and reveal to MacBeth’s castle who they really are. Scene VII MacBeth kills the Young Siward and makes fun of the soldiers who are born from a woman because their swords can not kill him. Malcolm makes a comment about MacBeth’s soldiers saying, â€Å"We have met with foes / That strike beside us,† because they aren’t even trying to fight (5.7.31-2). Scene VIII The castle is surrounded by Malcolm and Siward’s men. MacDuff finally finds MacBeth and the fight begins. While fighting, MacBeth tells MacDuff he is wasting his time because he cannot be killed by a woman born human. MacDuff shocks MacBeth by letting him know he was not woman born but cut out of his mother’s womb. MacBeth still does not give up and they continue fighting. As trumpets sound victory of the Scottish and English forces, MacDuff enters carrying MacBeth’s head and declared Malcolm King of Scotland.

15 Hilarious Things People Have Put on Their Resume

15 Hilarious Things People Have Put on Their Resume Here at TheJobNetwork, we have scoured every nook and cranny  of the internet and have compiled a list of epic proportions. Here are the top 15 most hilarious  things people have put on their resume. Most people take their resumes seriously, but not these guys. First thing first, if you are serious about making a great resume, make sure to download our resume samples for your specific job title.1.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"None of my references really like me, so please don’t believe what they say.†2.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I came up with the idea for Windows.†3. â€Å"I’ll introduce you to my wife if you hire me.†4. â€Å"I am proficient in Internet Explorer, Firefox, and all related search engines.†5.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"I’m a level 90 Shamanistic natural healer.†6.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"I quit  being a  porn actor and took a job at a gas station. They fired me because of ‘job performance issues.’ Right before the tank was full I’d pull the nozzle ou t and spray gas all over the car’s headlights.†7.   Werk Xperince: â€Å"i werked at da keyfuuud az da best bhag boiii†8.   Leadership Skills: â€Å"World of Warcraft Guild Leader9.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Have you ever been convicted of a felony? If yes, please explain.†Ã‚  Answer:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes. Arson.  He deserved it. Will discuss in interview.†10. â€Å"List your most notable accomplishments.† Answer: â€Å"I learned how to store crumbs in the flaps of my fat for safe-keeping.†11. Skills: â€Å"I’m a BOSS at working.†12. Talents: â€Å"I am adored by my entire village. All of the villagers want me to marry their daughters.†13. Special skills: â€Å"I have destroyed the president of Nicaragua in tennis.†14. Languages: â€Å"I can speak Klingon.†15.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"This isn’t my real contact information. I need to conceal my identity because I am being followed. If you need to contact me, flip a coin into the sunlight and look north. I will be there.†If you don’t want to end up looking like anyone above, make sure to go over to our resume library to download a resume template for your desired job title.

The Progression of Film Essays

The Progression of Film Essays The Progression of Film Essay The Progression of Film Essay and always in the positive tense. What makes subliminal messaging so effective to the mind is that because they directly target the subconscious, they experience no resistance from the conscious mind (eruptingmind). In the 1950s the first accuring subliminal messages were delicious buttery popcorn and cold refreshments that appeared just quick enough that it could reach your subsconcious mind. What a coincedence that these specific images were shown, with a conviently placed reshreshment stand near by. For reasons unknown, the Disney movies have created virtually unoticable inuendos promoting sexual subjects. Many question why these crude things are scattered through the media directed towards youthful audiences. This sparks worry that maybe modern motion pictures have taken a turn for the worse. Why would advertisement take advantage of the population? Possibly to make a profit. So if the production campanies are primarily interested in the net profit, and now advertisement has stepped in attepting to capatilize off the viewers as well, has film truly changed for the better or worse? Did this simple idea of entertainment snow ball into a money hungered multi-billion dollar industry? Some would admit theyve lost hope and no-longer see the positives of motion pictures anymore. Yet others are hopeful, and excited to see whats next in the world of film. One can only hope another cinematic revolution changes things for the better.

Research on Attitude of Young People on Dieting and Weight Essay

Research on Attitude of Young People on Dieting and Weight - Essay Example Since people of different ages have different weights, the best way to assay for weight is through the use of a measurement called the Body Mass Index (BMI) which is a ratio of a person’s weight in kilograms and the height in square meters (kg/m2). The BMI classifies individuals into underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. A person who has a BMI of below 18.5 is considered underweight; between 18.5 and 24.5 is considered of normal/health weight; between25.0 and 29.9 is considered overweight and above 30.0 is considered obese. Therefore, overweight and obese individuals have weight that is considered unhealthy since it predisposes them to conditions like diabetes,... ischaemic strokes, hypertension and many conditions of the cardiovascular system (Andersen, 2008). The prevalence of obesity is on the rise especially in industrialized nations of the world, and this trends are alarming because even children are being diagnoses with â€Å"lifestyle conditions’â₠¬â„¢ that are pathologically known to attack adults. According to figures released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), obesity cases in the US have been rising from the past, and currently, the prevalence of o

Goals and Objectives of the Department of Homeland Security Essay

Goals and Objectives of the Department of Homeland Security - Essay Example The department is lead by Secretary Jeh Johnson who was given the leadership position during the period of 2013 and is recognized as the fourth individual to hold the position (Design, 2014). He has profound amount of experience in providing services in relation to securing the nation and enforcing the laws as well as practicing as a private attorney. He had previously held key positions to defend the nations. He was even employed as the Air Force department’s general counsel as well as assistant to the attorney of US for the southern district of the region of New York. There are seven assistant secretaries for the department including the assistant secretary of policy, foreign affairs, strategic management, and private sector. The main secretary is Alan Bersin who has been employed as an acting secretary for the office of policy making (Design, 2014). There are a total of 17 different directorates, offices as well as agencies that are a portion of the DHS. These include UCIS which serves the purpose of assisting those who want to migrate to the United States (Dhs.gov, 2014). CBP was created with the purpose of ensuring that terrorist as well as their warheads remained outside the soil of the United States. USCG was created to ensure the protection of the maritime region and practices of the United States (Dhs.gov, 2014). FEMA was created with the purpose of helping in improving the ability of the nation from protecting itself from any form of hazard. FLETC was created to train and develop the professionals of the law enforcement arena. ICE was created to ensure that the laws and regulations of the nations that were created regarding the border were being followed (Dhs.gov, 2014).

Colony Collapse Disorders in the Honeybee Colonies Case Study

Colony Collapse Disorders in the Honeybee Colonies - Case Study Example Colony collapse disorders (CCD) is rather a new term in the field of environmental studies. Many environmentalists resolved to employ the phenomena of CCD in order to provide an explicit understanding to the continued deterioration in the number of honeybees in the bee colonies. The fall in the number of honeybees has led to low production of honey in the field of apiculture. Reduction in the population of bees has also posed a major setback to the field of crop production and agriculture in general. This is due to the fact that many plant varieties especially those that yield fruits majorly rely on the activities of the honeybees in achieving pollination. With much concern on this despair, scientists have embarked on research activities to configure the mess beyond CCD in the honeybee colonies. One of the most noted causes of CCD in the honeybee colonies is excessive use of pesticides in agriculture. The use of pesticides such antibiotics, miticides and neonicotinoid have direct or indirect impacts on the population of the honeybees in the bee colonies. Excessive use of pesticides such as the antibiotics, miticides and neonicotinoid pesticides is one of the factors that have led to the colony collapse disorders in the bee colonies. Antibiotics also known as antibacterial are drugs that used to kill bacteria that attack bodies of animals and human beings. Antibiotics also kill fungi and parasites that attack the bodies of animals and human. Miticides are a class of pesticides that used to kill mite. ... According to Johnson (2011), the increased level of use of antibiotics among beekeepers in controlling parasites and fungi that attack their bee colonies has led to tremendous effects of CCD in the honeybee colonies. Johnson (2011) in reference to the research findings of the USDA confirms that a single celled parasite called Nosem ceranae developed resistance to the antibiotics hence dire effects of the parasite on the bees continue to exist. The existence of these parasites in the honeybee colonies have resulted to unbearable stress on the bees in the affected colonies. The increased stress in the honeybees leads to reduction of immune system in the bees, leading to death of the affected bees (Johnson, 2011). According to Johnson (2011) in reference to the report of USDA, stress development in the honeybees disrupts the social system of the affected bees in their specific colonies. Johnson (2011) notes that chemical contents such as the imidacloprid found in the neonicotinoid pesti cides have substantial impacts on the colony collapse disorders in the honeybee colonies. Referring to the report s of USDA, Johnson (2011) connotes that the use of neonicotinoid as insecticide in plants leaves toxic residues on the plants, which in turn poisons young bees whenever they suck nectar and pollen grains from the infected plants. Even though the neonicotinoid has no direct impact on the health of honeybees, it adversely affects the bees upon excess consumption. The cumulative effects of excess the neonicotinoid chemicals leads to impairment in the navigational power and foraging ability of the honeybees (Johnson, 2011). In addition, Johnson (2011) reports that cumulated

Reinforcement and Employees Essay Example for Free

Reinforcement and Employees Essay Q3. What tools does Walmart use to motivate employees? How might a lack of motivation affect associates and how should managers respond? Give me a W! Give me an A! Give me an L! Give me a squiggly! Give me an M! Give an A! Give me an R! Give me a T! What’s that spell? Walmart! Whose Walmart is it? It’s my Walmart ! Who’s number one? The customer! Always! The good times continue at Walmart, and so do hard work and achievement. For many employees, seeing peers rewarded for a job well done proves highly motivational. Executives at Walmart refer to the company as one big family. There are no grunts or gophers –no employee, no matter how new, is thought of as low person on the totem. According to the company’s â€Å"open door† policy, all associates are encouraged to speak freely, share concerns, and express ideas for improving daily operations. In return, they can expect managers to treat all discussions fairly with an open mind. The policy is right out of Walton’s playbook. â€Å"Listen to your associates,† Walton urged. â€Å"They’re the best idea generators.† The founder’s wisdom is routinely reaffirmed through the oft-repeated quote that â€Å"nothing constructive happens in Bentonville† – a reference to Walton headquarters. In Walton’s grass – roots ethic, local employees are the ones most likely to produce fresh ideas. One significant way managers can meet higher motivational needs is to shift power down from the top of organization and share it with employees to enable them to achieve goals. Empowerment is power sharing, the delegation of power or authority to subordinates in an organization. Increasing employee motivation for task accomplishment because people improve their own effectiveness, choosing how to do a task and using their creativity. Empowerment is one way managers promote self- reinforcement and self- efficacy, as defined in the discussion of social learning. Empowering employees involves giving them four elements that enable them to act more freely accomplish their jobs: information knowledge, power, and rewards. First of all, employees receive information about company performance. In companies where employees are fully empowered, all employees have access to all financial and operational information. Secondly, employees have knowledge and skills to contribute to company goals. Companies use training programs and other development tools to help people acquire the knowledge and skills they need to contribute to organizational performance. The third motivation is employees have the power to make substantive decision. Empowered employees have the authority to directly influence work procedures and organizational performance, such as through quality circles or self- directed work teams. And last but not least, employees are rewarded based on company performance. Organizations that empower workers often reward them based on the results shown in the company’s bottom line. Organizations may also use other motivational compensation programs described in Exhibit 16.8 to tie employee efforts to company performance. Exhibit 16.8 Many of today’s organizations are implementing empowerment programs, but they are empowering workers to varying degrees. At some companies, empowerment means encouraging workers’ idea while managers retain final authority for decisions; at others it means giving employees almost complete freedom and power to make decisions and exercise initiative and imagination. Current methods of empowerment fall along a continuum, as illustrated in exhibit 16.9 . The continuum runs from situation in which front- line workers have almost no discretion, such as on a traditional assembly line, to full empowerment, where workers even participate in formulating organizational strategy. Exhibit 16.9 Perhaps the most important things managers can do to enhance organizational communication and dialogue can encourage people to communicate honestly with one another. Subordinates will feel free to transmit negative as well as positive message to managers without fear of retribution. Efforts to develop interpersonal skills among employees can also foster openness, honesty, and trust. Second, managers should develop and use formal communication channels in all direction. Scandinavian Designs uses two newsletters to reach employees. Dana Holding Corporation developed the â€Å"Here a Thought† board- called a HAT rack- to get ideas and feedback from workers. Other techniques include direct mail, bulletin boards, blogs, and employee surveys. Third, managers should encourage the use of multiple channels including both formal and informal communications. Multiple communication channels include written directives, face- to- face discussions, and the grapevine. For example, managers at GM’s Packard Electric plant use multimedia, including a monthly newspaper, frequent meeting of employees’ teams and an electronic news display in the cafeteria. Sending messages through multiple channels increases the likelihood that they will be properly received. Fourth, the structure should fit communication needs. An organization can be designed to use teams, task forces, project managers, or matrix structure as needed to facilitate the horizontal flow of information for coordination and problem solving. Structure should also reflect information need. When team or department task are difficult, a decentralized structure should be implemented to encourage discussion and participation. Empowerment is the process of distributing decision-making power throughout an organization. It is a process which enables employees to set personal work goals, make minor decisions and to solve conflicts by using their personal authority. Team Bonuses, in situations in which employees should cooperate with each other and isolating employee performance is more difficult, companies are increasingly resorting to tying employee pay to team performance. For example, in 2007, Wal-Mart gave bonuses to around 80% of their associates based on store performance. If empl oyees have a reasonable ability to influence their team’s performance level, these programs may be effective. One way Wal-Mart facilitates respect for an individual is through an open-door policy that allows employees of all levels to communicate with managers in higher levels of the company. This open-door policy is also a way of keeping unions from forming in the company. The philosophy is that when employees have avenues for expressing their complaints and problems, there will be no reason to have union representatives (Cray, 2000; Slater, 2003). However, people may question how effective this policy is, because employees still attempt to form unions. Walton also believed in the importance of having a clear flow of communication with his workers, claiming that the more information they received the harder they would work for him. â€Å"The more they know, the more they’ll understand,† he said. â€Å"The more they understand, the more they’ll care. Once they care, there’s no stopping them.† To Walton, the free flow of information between him and his worke rs demonstrated the trust and respect he had for them. Without that trust, Walton felt he could not succeed. â€Å"Information is power, and the gain you get from empowering your associates more than offsets the risk of informing your competitor,† he said. For Walton, the bottom line was to appreciate his workers and to make them feel valued. He knew that a paycheck and stock options alone would not guarantee loyalty or hard work. Instead, he realized the importance of making sure his workers knew they were appreciated. â€Å"Nothing else can quite substitute for a few well-chosen, well-timed, sincere words of praise,† he said. â€Å"They’re absolutely free – and worth a fortune.† By having motivated and loyal employees, Walton could then use them as his secret weapon. â€Å"The folks on the front lines – the ones who actually talk to the customer – are the only ones who really know what’s going on out there,† he said. By listening to his workers and their ideas, Walton could stay on top of his game; â€Å"This really is what total quality is about.† Listen to everyone in your practice/team. Obviously your team is a lot smaller than Wal-Mart, but Sams tactic of figuring out ways to get â€Å"front line† people talking holds true for advisors. You can gain a lot of insight into your clients, and it will help strengthen relationships with support personnel. And yes, listen to your clients too. continuous communication is the most important thing to remember. Change usually causes fear about different things. Communication must be very open, honest and encouraging. It also has to cover all the parties involved in the change. Happy employees mean happy customers. Walton admitted that initially he was so stingy and did not give good pay to his employees. But eventually he realized that he should give a larger payment to his employees because they are considered as â€Å"business partners†. According to Walton, who treated the way management is the same business partner in a way that applied to the consumer. If the business partner treats their customers well then the consumer will come again and again therein lies the advantage and business success. Walton also often visited his shop and asked for their opinions, especially employees who are on the front lines, those who actually faced and talking with customers, as people who know the real situation on the ground. Management’s number one goal with their employees is to make working at Wal-Mart fun and rewarding. They even have their own cheer to boost associates morale and organizational spirit (Wal-Mart, 2008). â€Å"Who’s Wal-Mart? It is my Wal-Mart† (Wal-Mart, 2008). This is the type of leadership styles that all organizations need to use. This style makes employees want to come to work everyday and they feel secure knowing that they are working for a great organization. Wal-Mart is like one big family and like to make their associates feel like they are an important part of keeping the doors open for everyone. If Walmart this organization are lack of motivation itll affects associates also called employees. Lack of motivation equates to less work being accomplished. Productivity does not disappear; it is usually transferred to aspects not related to the organizations work. Things like personal conversations, Internet surfing or taking longer lunches cost the organization time and money. Reduced productivity can be detrimental to an organizations performance and future success. Low employee motivation could be due to decreased success of the organization, negative effects from the economy or drastic changes or uncertainty within the organization. No matter what the cause, having the reputation of having an unpleasant work environment due to low employee motivation will ultimately impact how existing and potential clients or partners view working with an organization. A reputation can precede an organization and dictate its future in the industry. The reinforcement approach employee motivation sidesteps the issue of employee needs and thinking processes described in the content and process theories. Reinforcement theory simply looks at the relationship between behavior and its consequences. It focuses on changing or modifying employees’ on –the-job behavior through the appropriate use of immediate rewards and punishments. Behavior modification is the name given to the set of techniques by which reinforcement theory is used to modify human behavior. The basic assumption underlying behavior modification is the law of effect, which states that behavior that is positively reinforced tends to be repeated, and behavior that is not reinforced tends not to be repeated. Reinforcement is defined as anything that causes a certain behavior to be repeated or inhibited. The four reinforcement tools are positive reinforcement, avoidance learning, punishment, and extinction, as summarized in exhibit16.6 Positive reinforcement is the administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior, such as praise for an employee who arrives on time or does a little extra work. Research shows that positive reinforcement does help to improve performance. Moreover, nonfinancial reinforcement such as positive feedback, social recognition, and attention are just as effective as financial incentives. One study of employees at fast- food drive- thru windows, for example, found that performance feedback and supervisor recognition had a significant effect on increasing the incidence of â€Å"up- selling† or asking customers to increase their order. Montage Hotels resorts, known for its culture of gracious yet humble service, uses a variety of employee recognition programs to positively reinforce employees for providing exceptional service. CEO Alan J. Fuerstman says â€Å"it’s simple psychology. People commit more acts of kindness when they are appreciated fo r them.† Avoidance learning is the removal of an unpleasant consequence once a behavior is improved, theory encouraging and strengthening the desired behavior. Avoidance learning is sometimes called negative reinforcement. The idea is that people will change a specific behavior to avoid the undesired result that behavior provokes. As a simple example, a supervisor who constantly reminds or nags an employee who is goofing off on the factory floor and stops the nagging when the employee stops goofing off is applying avoidance learning. Punishment is the imposition of unpleasant outcomes on an employee. Punishment typically occurs following undesirable behavior. For example, a supervisor may berate an employee for performing a task incorrectly. The supervisor expects that the negative outcome will serve as a punishment and reduce the likelihood of the behavior recurring. The use of punishment in organization is controversial and often criticized because it fails to indicate the correct behavior. However, almost all managers report that they find it necessary to occasionally impose forms of punishment ranging from verbal reprimands to employee suspensions or firings. Extinction is the withholding of a positive reward. Whereas with punishment, the supervisor imposes an unpleasant outcome such as a reprimand, extinction involves withholding praise or other positive outcomes. With extinction, undesirable behavior is essentially ignored. The idea is that behavior that is not positively reinforced will gradually disappear A New York Times reporter wrote a humorous article about how she learned to stop nagging and instead use reinforcement theory to shape her husband’s behavior after studying how professionals train animals. When her husband did something she liked such as throw a dirty shirt in the hamper, she would use positive reinforcement, thanking him or giving him a hug and a kiss. Undesirable behaviors, such as throwing dirty clothes on the floor, on the other hand, were simply ignored, applying the principle of extinction. Reward and punishment motivational practices based on the reinforcement theory dominate organizations. According to the Society for Human Resource Management, 84 percent of all companies in the United States offer some type of monetary or non- monetary reward system, and 69 percent offer incentive pay, such as bonuses, bases on an employee’s performance. However, in other studies, more than 80 percent of employers with incentive programs have reported that their programs are only somewhat successful or working at all. Despite the testimonies of organizations that enjoy successful incentive programs, criticism of these â€Å"carrot- and- stick† methods is growing, as discussed in the Manager’s Shoptalk. If rewards and motivation are failed to fulfill the employees the manager of Walmart should apply some positive reinforcement in order to safe the situation. Positive reinforcement is the practice of rewarding desirable employee behavior in order to strengthen that behavior. For example, when you praise an employee for doing a good job, you increase the likelihood of him/her doing that job very well again. Positive reinforcement both shapes behavior and enhances an employee’s self-image. Recognizing and rewarding desirable employee behavior is the essential key to motivating employees to work more productively. This method will reap many benefits, first it clearly defines and communicates expected behaviors and strengthens the connection between high performance and rewards. It reinforces an employee’s behavior immediately after learning a new technique and promotes quick, thorough learning. It motivates effective workers to continue to do good work. Lack of reinforcement leads to job dissatisfaction. It increases productivity by rewarding workers who conserve time and materials. Employees who are rewarded after they successfully perform feel self-confident and become eager to learn new techniques, take advanced training, and accept more re sponsibility. Rewarding employees who suggest improved work procedures will produce more innovation – if you create a relaxed work environment, reward new ideas and tolerate innovative failures. Employees who receive recognition for their achievements are more enthusiastic about their work, more cooperative, and more open to change. Besides that, when you show appreciation and reward employees for good work, youll be able to increase their job commitment and organizational loyalty. In conclusion, giving positive reinforcement does not mean that what is done incorrectly by an employee is to be ignored. Instead, it means to recognize what portion of the work was done correctly first, then follow-up with what can be done better the next time and why the performance or work result was not quite what was expected. If this means the manager must take some of the blame for not giving detailed instructions for the desired behavior or result, they should do so in an apologetic manner and then proceed to explain how the manager personally will try to do better. This is an excellent time for the manager to let the employee know they still have faith in them but need their help and cooperation by their asking questions if the managers instructions are not clear. This allows both the employee and manager to get better at communication, which results in improved task completion. Remember mangers need to give positive results first, then follow-up with what improvements are needed, apologize if necessary, and then reinforce what was done right again. When working the improvement or follow-up statement do not use the word but as this word often negates anything said before it and the employee may stop listening as they know a negative is coming next.